Selected Bibliography

*research reports related to tests of reliability and validity.
**detailed discussion of how to assign scores to specific subscales
***outline of broad protocols based on level of risk by Braden scores.
**** reviews research base for prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers

Research Articles related to Braden Scale & Etiological Factors

Bergstrom, N., Braden, B., Laguzza, A. & Holman, A. (1987). The Braden Scale for predicting pressure sore risk. Nursing Research. 36(4), 205-210.*

Bergstrom, N., Demuth, P.J. & Braden, B. (1987). A clinical trial of the Braden Scale for predicting pressure sore risk. Nursing Clinics of North America. 22(2), 417-418. *

Bergstrom, N. and Braden, B.J. (1992). A prospective study of pressure sore risk among institutionalized elderly Journal of the American Geriatric Society. 40(8), 747-758.*

Braden, B.J. and Bergstrom, N. (1994). Predictive validity of the Braden Scale for pressure sore risk in a nursing home population. Research in Nursing and Health. 17, 459-470. *

Bergstrom, N., Braden, B.J., Kemp, M., Champagne, M., Ruby, E. (1996). Multi-site study of pressure ulcers and the relationship between risk level, demographic characteristics, diagnoses, and prescription of preventive interventions. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 44(1), 22-30.

Bergstrom, N., Braden, B.J., Boynton, P., Bruch, S. (1995). Using a research-based assessment scale in clinical practice. Nursing Clinics of North America. 30(3), 539-551.

Bergstrom, N., Braden, B.J., Kemp, M., Champagne, M., Ruby, E. (1998). Reliability and validity of the Braden Scale: A multi-site study. Nursing Research, 47(5), 261-269.*

Braden, B.J. (1998). The relationship between stress and pressure sore formation. Ostomy/Wound Management. 44(3A), 26S-37S.

Review Articles on Etiology, Prevention and Treatment

Braden, B. & Bergstrom, N. (1987). A conceptual schema for the study of the etiology of pressure sores. Rehabilitation Nursing, 12(1), 8-12, 16.

Braden, B.J. & Bergstrom, N. (1989) Clinical utility of the Braden Scale for predicting pressure sore risk. Decubitus, 2(3), 44-51. **

Braden, B.J. & Bergstrom, N. (1992). Pressure Reduction. In McClosky, J.C. and Bulechek, G.M. (Eds.). Nursing Interventions: Treatments for Nursing Diagnoses. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. ***

Braden, B.J., Kemp, M.G., Overland, M., Cuddigan, J., Bergman, B. (1992). The Etiology, Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Sores. Advances in Long Term Care, 2, 72-97. ****



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